For ordinary football supporters, it may be surprising to learn that the rivalry between Egyptian Football clubs extends far beyond soccer. Football arrived in Egypt more than a century ago, and the identities of two major clubs became connected with the political beliefs of their supporters. These connections developed through the period of opposition to imperialism and remained relevant during later political movements, including the Arab Spring.
During British administration in Egypt, two football clubs emerged in Cairo and established a rivalry influenced by political differences. Both clubs continue to exist today. Their influence reaches beyond Egypt, with supporters in places such as Dubai identifying with the social and political history associated with these Cairo clubs.
Zamalek was historically associated with military figures, foreign administrators and the upper classes. Al Ahly, on the other hand, became connected with working-class Egyptians and those who opposed imperial influence. These contrasting identities helped shape the rivalry between the clubs and their supporters.
In many societies, children inherit religious traditions and beliefs from their families. In Cairo, football loyalty can be passed down in a similar way. Families often support the same club over several generations, with historical political loyalties influencing their choice. Supporting a football club can therefore become an important part of personal and family identity.
Football originated in England and was initially popular among working-class communities. English supporters developed strong attachments to their local teams, although these rivalries were generally less connected to political divisions. In Egypt, the sport developed under different social and historical circumstances.
When football first spread through Egypt, it was played in military camps and gradually became associated with wider political movements. In 1905, activist and lawyer Mustafa Kamil helped establish a club connected with students and people excluded from existing social institutions. The club later became known as Al Ahly Sporting Club in 1907.
These developments helped establish a football culture in Egypt in which club loyalty, social background and political history became closely connected. The rivalry that emerged during this early period remains an important part of Egyptian football today.